/**
 * @fileoverview Mocha/Jest test wrapper
 * @author Ilya Volodin
 */
"use strict";

/* globals describe, it -- Mocha globals */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Requirements
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

const assert = require("node:assert"),
	util = require("node:util"),
	path = require("node:path"),
	equal = require("fast-deep-equal"),
	Traverser = require("../shared/traverser"),
	{ Config } = require("../config/config"),
	{ Linter, SourceCodeFixer } = require("../linter"),
	{ interpolate, getPlaceholderMatcher } = require("../linter/interpolate"),
	stringify = require("json-stable-stringify-without-jsonify"),
	{ isSerializable } = require("../shared/serialization");

const { FlatConfigArray } = require("../config/flat-config-array");
const {
	defaultConfig,
	defaultRuleTesterConfig,
} = require("../config/default-config");

const ajv = require("../shared/ajv")({ strictDefaults: true });

const parserSymbol = Symbol.for("eslint.RuleTester.parser");
const { ConfigArraySymbol } = require("@eslint/config-array");

const jslang = require("../languages/js");
const { SourceCode } = require("../languages/js/source-code");

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Typedefs
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** @import { LanguageOptions, RuleDefinition } from "@eslint/core" */

/** @typedef {import("../types").Linter.Parser} Parser */

/**
 * A test case that is expected to pass lint.
 * @typedef {Object} ValidTestCase
 * @property {string} [name] Name for the test case.
 * @property {string} code Code for the test case.
 * @property {any[]} [options] Options for the test case.
 * @property {Function} [before] Function to execute before testing the case.
 * @property {Function} [after] Function to execute after testing the case regardless of its result.
 * @property {LanguageOptions} [languageOptions] The language options to use in the test case.
 * @property {{ [name: string]: any }} [settings] Settings for the test case.
 * @property {string} [filename] The fake filename for the test case. Useful for rules that make assertion about filenames.
 * @property {boolean} [only] Run only this test case or the subset of test cases with this property.
 */

/**
 * A test case that is expected to fail lint.
 * @typedef {Object} InvalidTestCase
 * @property {string} [name] Name for the test case.
 * @property {string} code Code for the test case.
 * @property {number | Array<TestCaseError | string | RegExp>} errors Expected errors.
 * @property {string | null} [output] The expected code after autofixes are applied. If set to `null`, the test runner will assert that no autofix is suggested.
 * @property {any[]} [options] Options for the test case.
 * @property {Function} [before] Function to execute before testing the case.
 * @property {Function} [after] Function to execute after testing the case regardless of its result.
 * @property {{ [name: string]: any }} [settings] Settings for the test case.
 * @property {string} [filename] The fake filename for the test case. Useful for rules that make assertion about filenames.
 * @property {LanguageOptions} [languageOptions] The language options to use in the test case.
 * @property {boolean} [only] Run only this test case or the subset of test cases with this property.
 */

/**
 * A description of a reported error used in a rule tester test.
 * @typedef {Object} TestCaseError
 * @property {string | RegExp} [message] Message.
 * @property {string} [messageId] Message ID.
 * @property {{ [name: string]: string }} [data] The data used to fill the message template.
 * @property {number} [line] The 1-based line number of the reported start location.
 * @property {number} [column] The 1-based column number of the reported start location.
 * @property {number} [endLine] The 1-based line number of the reported end location.
 * @property {number} [endColumn] The 1-based column number of the reported end location.
 */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Private Members
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/*
 * testerDefaultConfig must not be modified as it allows to reset the tester to
 * the initial default configuration
 */
const testerDefaultConfig = { rules: {} };

/*
 * RuleTester uses this config as its default. This can be overwritten via
 * setDefaultConfig().
 */
let sharedDefaultConfig = { rules: {} };

/*
 * List every parameters possible on a test case that are not related to eslint
 * configuration
 */
const RuleTesterParameters = [
	"name",
	"code",
	"filename",
	"options",
	"before",
	"after",
	"errors",
	"output",
	"only",
];

/*
 * All allowed property names in error objects.
 */
const errorObjectParameters = new Set([
	"message",
	"messageId",
	"data",
	"line",
	"column",
	"endLine",
	"endColumn",
	"suggestions",
]);
const friendlyErrorObjectParameterList = `[${[...errorObjectParameters].map(key => `'${key}'`).join(", ")}]`;

/*
 * All allowed property names in suggestion objects.
 */
const suggestionObjectParameters = new Set([
	"desc",
	"messageId",
	"data",
	"output",
]);
const friendlySuggestionObjectParameterList = `[${[...suggestionObjectParameters].map(key => `'${key}'`).join(", ")}]`;

const forbiddenMethods = [
	"applyInlineConfig",
	"applyLanguageOptions",
	"finalize",
];

/** @type {Map<string,WeakSet>} */
const forbiddenMethodCalls = new Map(
	forbiddenMethods.map(methodName => [methodName, new WeakSet()]),
);

const hasOwnProperty = Function.call.bind(Object.hasOwnProperty);

/**
 * Clones a given value deeply.
 * Note: This ignores `parent` property.
 * @param {any} x A value to clone.
 * @returns {any} A cloned value.
 */
function cloneDeeplyExcludesParent(x) {
	if (typeof x === "object" && x !== null) {
		if (Array.isArray(x)) {
			return x.map(cloneDeeplyExcludesParent);
		}

		const retv = {};

		for (const key in x) {
			if (key !== "parent" && hasOwnProperty(x, key)) {
				retv[key] = cloneDeeplyExcludesParent(x[key]);
			}
		}

		return retv;
	}

	return x;
}

/**
 * Freezes a given value deeply.
 * @param {any} x A value to freeze.
 * @param {Set<Object>} seenObjects Objects already seen during the traversal.
 * @returns {void}
 */
function freezeDeeply(x, seenObjects = new Set()) {
	if (typeof x === "object" && x !== null) {
		if (seenObjects.has(x)) {
			return; // skip to avoid infinite recursion
		}
		seenObjects.add(x);

		if (Array.isArray(x)) {
			x.forEach(element => {
				freezeDeeply(element, seenObjects);
			});
		} else {
			for (const key in x) {
				if (key !== "parent" && hasOwnProperty(x, key)) {
					freezeDeeply(x[key], seenObjects);
				}
			}
		}
		Object.freeze(x);
	}
}

/**
 * Replace control characters by `\u00xx` form.
 * @param {string} text The text to sanitize.
 * @returns {string} The sanitized text.
 */
function sanitize(text) {
	if (typeof text !== "string") {
		return "";
	}
	return text.replace(
		/[\u0000-\u0009\u000b-\u001a]/gu, // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex -- Escaping controls
		c => `\\u${c.codePointAt(0).toString(16).padStart(4, "0")}`,
	);
}

/**
 * Define `start`/`end` properties as throwing error.
 * @param {string} objName Object name used for error messages.
 * @param {ASTNode} node The node to define.
 * @returns {void}
 */
function defineStartEndAsError(objName, node) {
	Object.defineProperties(node, {
		start: {
			get() {
				throw new Error(
					`Use ${objName}.range[0] instead of ${objName}.start`,
				);
			},
			configurable: true,
			enumerable: false,
		},
		end: {
			get() {
				throw new Error(
					`Use ${objName}.range[1] instead of ${objName}.end`,
				);
			},
			configurable: true,
			enumerable: false,
		},
	});
}

/**
 * Define `start`/`end` properties of all nodes of the given AST as throwing error.
 * @param {ASTNode} ast The root node to errorize `start`/`end` properties.
 * @param {Object} [visitorKeys] Visitor keys to be used for traversing the given ast.
 * @returns {void}
 */
function defineStartEndAsErrorInTree(ast, visitorKeys) {
	Traverser.traverse(ast, {
		visitorKeys,
		enter: defineStartEndAsError.bind(null, "node"),
	});
	ast.tokens.forEach(defineStartEndAsError.bind(null, "token"));
	ast.comments.forEach(defineStartEndAsError.bind(null, "token"));
}

/**
 * Wraps the given parser in order to intercept and modify return values from the `parse` and `parseForESLint` methods, for test purposes.
 * In particular, to modify ast nodes, tokens and comments to throw on access to their `start` and `end` properties.
 * @param {Parser} parser Parser object.
 * @returns {Parser} Wrapped parser object.
 */
function wrapParser(parser) {
	if (typeof parser.parseForESLint === "function") {
		return {
			[parserSymbol]: parser,
			parseForESLint(...args) {
				const ret = parser.parseForESLint(...args);

				defineStartEndAsErrorInTree(ret.ast, ret.visitorKeys);
				return ret;
			},
		};
	}

	return {
		[parserSymbol]: parser,
		parse(...args) {
			const ast = parser.parse(...args);

			defineStartEndAsErrorInTree(ast);
			return ast;
		},
	};
}

/**
 * Function to replace forbidden `SourceCode` methods. Allows just one call per method.
 * @param {string} methodName The name of the method to forbid.
 * @param {Function} prototype The prototype with the original method to call.
 * @returns {Function} The function that throws the error.
 */
function throwForbiddenMethodError(methodName, prototype) {
	const original = prototype[methodName];

	return function (...args) {
		const called = forbiddenMethodCalls.get(methodName);

		/* eslint-disable no-invalid-this -- needed to operate as a method. */
		if (!called.has(this)) {
			called.add(this);

			return original.apply(this, args);
		}
		/* eslint-enable no-invalid-this -- not needed past this point */

		throw new Error(
			`\`SourceCode#${methodName}()\` cannot be called inside a rule.`,
		);
	};
}

/**
 * Extracts names of {{ placeholders }} from the reported message.
 * @param   {string} message Reported message
 * @returns {string[]} Array of placeholder names
 */
function getMessagePlaceholders(message) {
	const matcher = getPlaceholderMatcher();

	return Array.from(message.matchAll(matcher), ([, name]) => name.trim());
}

/**
 * Returns the placeholders in the reported messages but
 * only includes the placeholders available in the raw message and not in the provided data.
 * @param {string} message The reported message
 * @param {string} raw The raw message specified in the rule meta.messages
 * @param {undefined|Record<unknown, unknown>} data The passed
 * @returns {string[]} Missing placeholder names
 */
function getUnsubstitutedMessagePlaceholders(message, raw, data = {}) {
	const unsubstituted = getMessagePlaceholders(message);

	if (unsubstituted.length === 0) {
		return [];
	}

	// Remove false positives by only counting placeholders in the raw message, which were not provided in the data matcher or added with a data property
	const known = getMessagePlaceholders(raw);
	const provided = Object.keys(data);

	return unsubstituted.filter(
		name => known.includes(name) && !provided.includes(name),
	);
}

const metaSchemaDescription = `
\t- If the rule has options, set \`meta.schema\` to an array or non-empty object to enable options validation.
\t- If the rule doesn't have options, omit \`meta.schema\` to enforce that no options can be passed to the rule.
\t- You can also set \`meta.schema\` to \`false\` to opt-out of options validation (not recommended).

\thttps://eslint.org/docs/latest/extend/custom-rules#options-schemas
`;

/*
 * Ignored test case properties when checking for test case duplicates.
 */
const duplicationIgnoredParameters = new Set(["name", "errors", "output"]);

/**
 * Normalizes a test case item, ensuring it is an object with a 'code' property.
 * If the item is not an object, it returns an object with the 'code' property set to the item.
 * @param {any} item The test case item to normalize.
 * @returns {Object} The normalized test case object.
 */
function normalizeTestCase(item) {
	return item && typeof item === "object" ? item : { code: item };
}

/**
 * Asserts that the `errors` property of an invalid test case is valid.
 * @param {number | string[]} errors The `errors` property of the invalid test case.
 * @param {string} ruleName The name of the rule being tested.
 * @param {Object} [assertionOptions] The assertion options for the test case.
 * @returns {void}
 */
function assertErrorsProperty(errors, ruleName, assertionOptions = {}) {
	const isNumber = typeof errors === "number";
	const isArray = Array.isArray(errors);

	if (!isNumber && !isArray) {
		if (errors === void 0) {
			assert.fail(
				`Did not specify errors for an invalid test of ${ruleName}`,
			);
		} else {
			assert.fail(
				`Invalid 'errors' property for invalid test of ${ruleName}: expected a number or an array but got ${
					errors === null ? "null" : typeof errors
				}`,
			);
		}
	}

	const { requireMessage = false, requireLocation = false } =
		assertionOptions;

	if (isArray) {
		assert.ok(
			errors.length !== 0,
			"Invalid cases must have at least one error",
		);

		for (const [number, error] of errors.entries()) {
			if (typeof error === "string" || error instanceof RegExp) {
				// Just an error message.
				assert.ok(
					requireMessage !== "messageId" && !requireLocation,
					`errors[${number}] should be an object when 'assertionOptions.requireMessage' is 'messageId' or 'assertionOptions.requireLocation' is true.`,
				);
			} else if (typeof error === "object" && error !== null) {
				/*
				 * Error object.
				 * This may have a message, messageId, data, line, and/or column.
				 */

				for (const propertyName of Object.keys(error)) {
					assert.ok(
						errorObjectParameters.has(propertyName),
						`Invalid error property name '${propertyName}'. Expected one of ${friendlyErrorObjectParameterList}.`,
					);
				}

				if (requireMessage === "message") {
					assert.ok(
						!hasOwnProperty(error, "messageId") &&
							hasOwnProperty(error, "message"),
						`errors[${number}] should specify 'message' (and not 'messageId') when 'assertionOptions.requireMessage' is 'message'.`,
					);
				} else if (requireMessage === "messageId") {
					assert.ok(
						!hasOwnProperty(error, "message") &&
							hasOwnProperty(error, "messageId"),
						`errors[${number}] should specify 'messageId' (and not 'message') when 'assertionOptions.requireMessage' is 'messageId'.`,
					);
				}

				if (hasOwnProperty(error, "message")) {
					assert.ok(
						!hasOwnProperty(error, "messageId"),
						`errors[${number}] should not specify both 'message' and 'messageId'.`,
					);
					assert.ok(
						!hasOwnProperty(error, "data"),
						`errors[${number}] should not specify both 'data' and 'message'.`,
					);
				} else {
					assert.ok(
						hasOwnProperty(error, "messageId"),
						`errors[${number}] must specify either 'messageId' or 'message'.`,
					);
				}
			} else {
				assert.fail(
					`errors[${number}] must be a string, RegExp, or an object.`,
				);
			}
		}
	} else {
		assert.ok(
			!requireMessage && !requireLocation,
			"Invalid cases must have 'errors' value as an array",
		);
		assert.ok(
			errors > 0,
			"Invalid cases must have 'error' value greater than 0",
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Check if this test case is a duplicate of one we have seen before.
 * @param {Object} item test case object
 * @param {Set<string>} seenTestCases set of serialized test cases we have seen so far (managed by this function)
 * @returns {void}
 */
function checkDuplicateTestCase(item, seenTestCases) {
	if (!isSerializable(item)) {
		/*
		 * If we can't serialize a test case (because it contains a function, RegExp, etc), skip the check.
		 * This might happen with properties like: options, plugins, settings, languageOptions.parser, languageOptions.parserOptions.
		 */
		return;
	}

	const serializedTestCase = stringify(item, {
		replacer(key, value) {
			// "this" is the currently stringified object --> only ignore top-level properties
			return item !== this || !duplicationIgnoredParameters.has(key)
				? value
				: void 0;
		},
	});

	assert(
		!seenTestCases.has(serializedTestCase),
		"detected duplicate test case",
	);
	seenTestCases.add(serializedTestCase);
}

/**
 * Asserts that a rule is valid.
 * A valid rule must be an object with a `create` method.
 * @param {Object} rule The rule to check.
 * @param {string} ruleName The name of the rule.
 * @returns {void}
 * @throws {AssertionError} If the rule is not valid.
 */
function assertRule(rule, ruleName) {
	assert.ok(
		rule && typeof rule === "object" && typeof rule.create === "function",
		`Rule ${ruleName} must be an object with a \`create\` method`,
	);
}

/**
 * Asserts that a test scenario object is valid.
 * A valid test scenario object must have `valid` and `invalid` properties, both of
 * which must be arrays.
 * @param {Object} test The test scenario object to check.
 * @param {string} ruleName The name of the rule being tested.
 * @returns {void}
 * @throws {AssertionError} If the test scenario object is not valid.
 */
function assertTest(test, ruleName) {
	assert.ok(
		test && typeof test === "object",
		`Test Scenarios for rule ${ruleName} : Could not find test scenario object`,
	);

	const hasValid = Array.isArray(test.valid);
	const hasInvalid = Array.isArray(test.invalid);

	assert.ok(
		hasValid,
		`Test Scenarios for rule ${ruleName} is invalid: Could not find any valid test scenarios`,
	);

	assert.ok(
		hasInvalid,
		`Test Scenarios for rule ${ruleName} is invalid: Could not find any invalid test scenarios`,
	);
}

/**
 * Asserts that the common properties of a valid/invalid test case have the correct types.
 * @param {Object} item The test case object to check.
 * @returns {void}
 */
function assertTestCommonProperties(item) {
	assert.ok(
		typeof item.code === "string",
		"Test case must specify a string value for 'code'",
	);

	// optional properties
	if (item.name) {
		assert.ok(
			typeof item.name === "string",
			"Optional test case property 'name' must be a string",
		);
	}
	if (hasOwnProperty(item, "only")) {
		assert.ok(
			typeof item.only === "boolean",
			"Optional test case property 'only' must be a boolean",
		);
	}
	if (hasOwnProperty(item, "filename")) {
		assert.ok(
			typeof item.filename === "string",
			"Optional test case property 'filename' must be a string",
		);
	}
	if (hasOwnProperty(item, "options")) {
		assert.ok(
			Array.isArray(item.options),
			"Optional test case property 'options' must be an array",
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Asserts that a valid test case object is valid.
 * A valid test case must specify a string value for 'code'.
 * Optional properties are checked for correct types.
 * @param {Object} item The valid test case object to check.
 * @param {Set<string>} seenTestCases Set of serialized test cases to check for duplicates.
 * @returns {void}
 * @throws {AssertionError} If the test case is not valid.
 */
function assertValidTestCase(item, seenTestCases) {
	// must not have properties of invalid test cases
	assert.ok(
		item.errors === void 0,
		"Valid test case must not have 'errors' property",
	);
	assert.ok(
		item.output === void 0,
		"Valid test case must not have 'output' property",
	);

	assertTestCommonProperties(item);
	checkDuplicateTestCase(item, seenTestCases);
}

/**
 * Asserts that the invalid test case object is valid.
 * An invalid test case must specify a string value for 'code' and must have 'errors' property.
 * Optional properties are checked for correct types.
 * @param {Object} item The invalid test case object to check.
 * @param {Set<string>} seenTestCases Set of serialized test cases to check for duplicates.
 * @param {string} ruleName The name of the rule being tested.
 * @param {Object} [assertionOptions] The assertion options for the test case.
 * @returns {void}
 * @throws {AssertionError} If the test case is not valid.
 */
function assertInvalidTestCase(
	item,
	seenTestCases,
	ruleName,
	assertionOptions = {},
) {
	assertTestCommonProperties(item);

	assertErrorsProperty(item.errors, ruleName, assertionOptions);

	// 'output' is optional, but if it exists it must be a string or null
	if (hasOwnProperty(item, "output")) {
		assert.ok(
			item.output === null || typeof item.output === "string",
			"Test property 'output', if specified, must be a string or null. If no autofix is expected, then omit the 'output' property or set it to null.",
		);
	}

	checkDuplicateTestCase(item, seenTestCases);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Public Interface
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// default separators for testing
const DESCRIBE = Symbol("describe");
const IT = Symbol("it");
const IT_ONLY = Symbol("itOnly");

/**
 * This is `it` default handler if `it` don't exist.
 * @this {Mocha}
 * @param {string} text The description of the test case.
 * @param {Function} method The logic of the test case.
 * @throws {Error} Any error upon execution of `method`.
 * @returns {any} Returned value of `method`.
 */
function itDefaultHandler(text, method) {
	try {
		return method.call(this);
	} catch (err) {
		if (err instanceof assert.AssertionError) {
			err.message += ` (${util.inspect(err.actual)} ${err.operator} ${util.inspect(err.expected)})`;
		}
		throw err;
	}
}

/**
 * This is `describe` default handler if `describe` don't exist.
 * @this {Mocha}
 * @param {string} text The description of the test case.
 * @param {Function} method The logic of the test case.
 * @returns {any} Returned value of `method`.
 */
function describeDefaultHandler(text, method) {
	return method.call(this);
}

/**
 * Mocha test wrapper.
 */
class RuleTester {
	/**
	 * Creates a new instance of RuleTester.
	 * @param {Object} [testerConfig] Optional, extra configuration for the tester
	 */
	constructor(testerConfig = {}) {
		/**
		 * The configuration to use for this tester. Combination of the tester
		 * configuration and the default configuration.
		 * @type {Object}
		 */
		this.testerConfig = [
			sharedDefaultConfig,
			testerConfig,
			{ rules: { "rule-tester/validate-ast": "error" } },
		];

		this.linter = new Linter({ configType: "flat" });
	}

	/**
	 * Set the configuration to use for all future tests
	 * @param {Object} config the configuration to use.
	 * @throws {TypeError} If non-object config.
	 * @returns {void}
	 */
	static setDefaultConfig(config) {
		if (typeof config !== "object" || config === null) {
			throw new TypeError(
				"RuleTester.setDefaultConfig: config must be an object",
			);
		}
		sharedDefaultConfig = config;

		// Make sure the rules object exists since it is assumed to exist later
		sharedDefaultConfig.rules = sharedDefaultConfig.rules || {};
	}

	/**
	 * Get the current configuration used for all tests
	 * @returns {Object} the current configuration
	 */
	static getDefaultConfig() {
		return sharedDefaultConfig;
	}

	/**
	 * Reset the configuration to the initial configuration of the tester removing
	 * any changes made until now.
	 * @returns {void}
	 */
	static resetDefaultConfig() {
		sharedDefaultConfig = {
			rules: {
				...testerDefaultConfig.rules,
			},
		};
	}

	/*
	 * If people use `mocha test.js --watch` command, `describe` and `it` function
	 * instances are different for each execution. So `describe` and `it` should get fresh instance
	 * always.
	 */
	static get describe() {
		return (
			this[DESCRIBE] ||
			(typeof describe === "function" ? describe : describeDefaultHandler)
		);
	}

	static set describe(value) {
		this[DESCRIBE] = value;
	}

	static get it() {
		return this[IT] || (typeof it === "function" ? it : itDefaultHandler);
	}

	static set it(value) {
		this[IT] = value;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds the `only` property to a test to run it in isolation.
	 * @param {string | ValidTestCase | InvalidTestCase} item A single test to run by itself.
	 * @returns {ValidTestCase | InvalidTestCase} The test with `only` set.
	 */
	static only(item) {
		if (typeof item === "string") {
			return { code: item, only: true };
		}

		return { ...item, only: true };
	}

	static get itOnly() {
		if (typeof this[IT_ONLY] === "function") {
			return this[IT_ONLY];
		}
		if (
			typeof this[IT] === "function" &&
			typeof this[IT].only === "function"
		) {
			return Function.bind.call(this[IT].only, this[IT]);
		}
		if (typeof it === "function" && typeof it.only === "function") {
			return Function.bind.call(it.only, it);
		}

		if (
			typeof this[DESCRIBE] === "function" ||
			typeof this[IT] === "function"
		) {
			throw new Error(
				"Set `RuleTester.itOnly` to use `only` with a custom test framework.\n" +
					"See https://eslint.org/docs/latest/integrate/nodejs-api#customizing-ruletester for more.",
			);
		}
		if (typeof it === "function") {
			throw new Error(
				"The current test framework does not support exclusive tests with `only`.",
			);
		}
		throw new Error(
			"To use `only`, use RuleTester with a test framework that provides `it.only()` like Mocha.",
		);
	}

	static set itOnly(value) {
		this[IT_ONLY] = value;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a new rule test to execute.
	 * @param {string} ruleName The name of the rule to run.
	 * @param {RuleDefinition} rule The rule to test.
	 * @param {{
	 *   assertionOptions?: {
	 *     requireMessage?: boolean | "message" | "messageId",
	 *     requireLocation?: boolean
	 *   },
	 *   valid: (ValidTestCase | string)[],
	 *   invalid: InvalidTestCase[]
	 * }} test The collection of tests to run.
	 * @throws {TypeError|Error} If `rule` is not an object with a `create` method,
	 * or if non-object `test`, or if a required scenario of the given type is missing.
	 * @returns {void}
	 */
	run(ruleName, rule, test) {
		const testerConfig = this.testerConfig,
			linter = this.linter,
			ruleId = `rule-to-test/${ruleName}`;

		assertRule(rule, ruleName);
		assertTest(test, ruleName);

		const baseConfig = [
			{
				plugins: {
					// copy root plugin over
					"@": {
						/*
						 * Parsers are wrapped to detect more errors, so this needs
						 * to be a new object for each call to run(), otherwise the
						 * parsers will be wrapped multiple times.
						 */
						parsers: {
							...defaultConfig[0].plugins["@"].parsers,
						},

						/*
						 * The rules key on the default plugin is a proxy to lazy-load
						 * just the rules that are needed. So, don't create a new object
						 * here, just use the default one to keep that performance
						 * enhancement.
						 */
						rules: defaultConfig[0].plugins["@"].rules,
						languages: defaultConfig[0].plugins["@"].languages,
					},
					"rule-to-test": {
						rules: {
							[ruleName]: Object.assign({}, rule, {
								// Create a wrapper rule that freezes the `context` properties.
								create(context) {
									freezeDeeply(context.options);
									freezeDeeply(context.settings);
									freezeDeeply(context.parserOptions);

									// freezeDeeply(context.languageOptions);

									return rule.create(context);
								},
							}),
						},
					},
				},
				language: defaultConfig[0].language,
			},
			...defaultRuleTesterConfig,
		];

		/**
		 * Runs a hook on the given item when it's assigned to the given property
		 * @param {Object} item Item to run the hook on
		 * @param {string} prop The property having the hook assigned to
		 * @throws {Error} If the property is not a function or that function throws an error
		 * @returns {void}
		 * @private
		 */
		function runHook(item, prop) {
			if (hasOwnProperty(item, prop)) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					typeof item[prop],
					"function",
					`Optional test case property '${prop}' must be a function`,
				);
				item[prop]();
			}
		}
		/**
		 * Run the rule for the given item
		 * @param {Object} item Item to run the rule against
		 * @throws {Error} If an invalid schema.
		 * @returns {Object} Eslint run result
		 * @private
		 */
		function runRuleForItem(item) {
			const code = item.code;
			const filename = hasOwnProperty(item, "filename")
				? item.filename
				: void 0;
			const options = hasOwnProperty(item, "options") ? item.options : [];
			const flatConfigArrayOptions = {
				baseConfig,
			};

			if (filename) {
				flatConfigArrayOptions.basePath =
					path.parse(filename).root || void 0;
			}

			const configs = new FlatConfigArray(
				testerConfig,
				flatConfigArrayOptions,
			);

			/*
			 * Modify the returned config so that the parser is wrapped to catch
			 * access of the start/end properties. This method is called just
			 * once per code snippet being tested, so each test case gets a clean
			 * parser.
			 */
			configs[ConfigArraySymbol.finalizeConfig] = function (...args) {
				// can't do super here :(
				const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(this);
				const calculatedConfig = proto[
					ConfigArraySymbol.finalizeConfig
				].apply(this, args);

				// wrap the parser to catch start/end property access
				if (calculatedConfig.language === jslang) {
					calculatedConfig.languageOptions.parser = wrapParser(
						calculatedConfig.languageOptions.parser,
					);
				}

				return calculatedConfig;
			};

			let output, beforeAST, afterAST;

			/*
			 * Assumes everything on the item is a config except for the
			 * parameters used by this tester
			 */
			const itemConfig = { ...item };

			for (const parameter of RuleTesterParameters) {
				delete itemConfig[parameter];
			}

			/*
			 * Create the config object from the tester config and this item
			 * specific configurations.
			 */
			configs.push(itemConfig);

			configs.push({
				rules: {
					[ruleId]: [1, ...options],
				},
			});

			let schema;

			try {
				schema = Config.getRuleOptionsSchema(rule);
			} catch (err) {
				err.message += metaSchemaDescription;
				throw err;
			}

			/*
			 * Check and throw an error if the schema is an empty object (`schema:{}`), because such schema
			 * doesn't validate or enforce anything and is therefore considered a possible error. If the intent
			 * was to skip options validation, `schema:false` should be set instead (explicit opt-out).
			 *
			 * For this purpose, a schema object is considered empty if it doesn't have any own enumerable string-keyed
			 * properties. While `ajv.compile()` does use enumerable properties from the prototype chain as well,
			 * it caches compiled schemas by serializing only own enumerable properties, so it's generally not a good idea
			 * to use inherited properties in schemas because schemas that differ only in inherited properties would end up
			 * having the same cache entry that would be correct for only one of them.
			 *
			 * At this point, `schema` can only be an object or `null`.
			 */
			if (schema && Object.keys(schema).length === 0) {
				throw new Error(
					`\`schema: {}\` is a no-op${metaSchemaDescription}`,
				);
			}

			/*
			 * Setup AST getters.
			 * The goal is to check whether or not AST was modified when
			 * running the rule under test.
			 */
			configs.push({
				plugins: {
					"rule-tester": {
						rules: {
							"validate-ast": {
								create() {
									return {
										Program(node) {
											beforeAST =
												cloneDeeplyExcludesParent(node);
										},
										"Program:exit"(node) {
											afterAST = node;
										},
									};
								},
							},
						},
					},
				},
			});

			if (schema) {
				ajv.validateSchema(schema);

				if (ajv.errors) {
					const errors = ajv.errors
						.map(error => {
							const field =
								error.dataPath[0] === "."
									? error.dataPath.slice(1)
									: error.dataPath;

							return `\t${field}: ${error.message}`;
						})
						.join("\n");

					throw new Error([
						`Schema for rule ${ruleName} is invalid:`,
						errors,
					]);
				}

				/*
				 * `ajv.validateSchema` checks for errors in the structure of the schema (by comparing the schema against a "meta-schema"),
				 * and it reports those errors individually. However, there are other types of schema errors that only occur when compiling
				 * the schema (e.g. using invalid defaults in a schema), and only one of these errors can be reported at a time. As a result,
				 * the schema is compiled here separately from checking for `validateSchema` errors.
				 */
				try {
					ajv.compile(schema);
				} catch (err) {
					throw new Error(
						`Schema for rule ${ruleName} is invalid: ${err.message}`,
						{
							cause: err,
						},
					);
				}
			}

			// check for validation errors
			try {
				configs.normalizeSync();
				configs.getConfig("test.js");
			} catch (error) {
				error.message = `ESLint configuration in rule-tester is invalid: ${error.message}`;
				throw error;
			}

			// Verify the code.
			const { applyLanguageOptions, applyInlineConfig, finalize } =
				SourceCode.prototype;
			let messages;

			try {
				forbiddenMethods.forEach(methodName => {
					SourceCode.prototype[methodName] =
						throwForbiddenMethodError(
							methodName,
							SourceCode.prototype,
						);
				});

				messages = linter.verify(code, configs, filename);
			} finally {
				SourceCode.prototype.applyInlineConfig = applyInlineConfig;
				SourceCode.prototype.applyLanguageOptions =
					applyLanguageOptions;
				SourceCode.prototype.finalize = finalize;
			}

			const fatalErrorMessage = messages.find(m => m.fatal);

			assert(
				!fatalErrorMessage,
				`A fatal parsing error occurred: ${fatalErrorMessage && fatalErrorMessage.message}`,
			);

			// Verify if autofix makes a syntax error or not.
			if (messages.some(m => m.fix)) {
				output = SourceCodeFixer.applyFixes(code, messages).output;
				const errorMessageInFix = linter
					.verify(output, configs, filename)
					.find(m => m.fatal);

				assert(
					!errorMessageInFix,
					[
						"A fatal parsing error occurred in autofix.",
						`Error: ${errorMessageInFix && errorMessageInFix.message}`,
						"Autofix output:",
						output,
					].join("\n"),
				);
			} else {
				output = code;
			}

			return {
				messages,
				output,
				beforeAST,
				afterAST: cloneDeeplyExcludesParent(afterAST),
				configs,
				filename,
			};
		}

		/**
		 * Check if the AST was changed
		 * @param {ASTNode} beforeAST AST node before running
		 * @param {ASTNode} afterAST AST node after running
		 * @returns {void}
		 * @private
		 */
		function assertASTDidntChange(beforeAST, afterAST) {
			if (!equal(beforeAST, afterAST)) {
				assert.fail("Rule should not modify AST.");
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Check if the template is valid or not
		 * all valid cases go through this
		 * @param {Object} item Item to run the rule against
		 * @returns {void}
		 * @private
		 */
		function testValidTemplate(item) {
			const result = runRuleForItem(item);
			const messages = result.messages;

			assert.strictEqual(
				messages.length,
				0,
				util.format(
					"Should have no errors but had %d: %s",
					messages.length,
					util.inspect(messages),
				),
			);

			assertASTDidntChange(result.beforeAST, result.afterAST);
		}

		/**
		 * Asserts that the message matches its expected value. If the expected
		 * value is a regular expression, it is checked against the actual
		 * value.
		 * @param {string} actual Actual value
		 * @param {string|RegExp} expected Expected value
		 * @returns {void}
		 * @private
		 */
		function assertMessageMatches(actual, expected) {
			if (expected instanceof RegExp) {
				// assert.js doesn't have a built-in RegExp match function
				assert.ok(
					expected.test(actual),
					`Expected '${actual}' to match ${expected}`,
				);
			} else {
				assert.strictEqual(actual, expected);
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Check if the template is invalid or not
		 * all invalid cases go through this.
		 * @param {Object} item Item to run the rule against
		 * @returns {void}
		 * @private
		 */
		function testInvalidTemplate(item) {
			const { requireMessage = false, requireLocation = false } =
				test.assertionOptions ?? {};

			const ruleHasMetaMessages =
				hasOwnProperty(rule, "meta") &&
				hasOwnProperty(rule.meta, "messages");
			const friendlyIDList = ruleHasMetaMessages
				? `[${Object.keys(rule.meta.messages)
						.map(key => `'${key}'`)
						.join(", ")}]`
				: null;

			assert.ok(
				ruleHasMetaMessages || requireMessage !== "messageId",
				`Assertion options can not use 'requireMessage: "messageId"' if rule under test doesn't define 'meta.messages'.`,
			);

			const result = runRuleForItem(item);
			const messages = result.messages;

			for (const message of messages) {
				if (hasOwnProperty(message, "suggestions")) {
					/** @type {Map<string, number>} */
					const seenMessageIndices = new Map();

					for (let i = 0; i < message.suggestions.length; i += 1) {
						const suggestionMessage = message.suggestions[i].desc;
						const previous =
							seenMessageIndices.get(suggestionMessage);

						assert.ok(
							!seenMessageIndices.has(suggestionMessage),
							`Suggestion message '${suggestionMessage}' reported from suggestion ${i} was previously reported by suggestion ${previous}. Suggestion messages should be unique within an error.`,
						);
						seenMessageIndices.set(suggestionMessage, i);
					}
				}
			}

			if (typeof item.errors === "number") {
				assert.strictEqual(
					messages.length,
					item.errors,
					util.format(
						"Should have %d error%s but had %d: %s",
						item.errors,
						item.errors === 1 ? "" : "s",
						messages.length,
						util.inspect(messages),
					),
				);
			} else {
				assert.strictEqual(
					messages.length,
					item.errors.length,
					util.format(
						"Should have %d error%s but had %d: %s",
						item.errors.length,
						item.errors.length === 1 ? "" : "s",
						messages.length,
						util.inspect(messages),
					),
				);

				const hasMessageOfThisRule = messages.some(
					m => m.ruleId === ruleId,
				);

				for (let i = 0, l = item.errors.length; i < l; i++) {
					const error = item.errors[i];
					const message = messages[i];

					assert(
						hasMessageOfThisRule,
						"Error rule name should be the same as the name of the rule being tested",
					);

					if (typeof error === "string" || error instanceof RegExp) {
						// Just an error message.
						assertMessageMatches(message.message, error);
						assert.ok(
							message.suggestions === void 0,
							`Error at index ${i} has suggestions. Please convert the test error into an object and specify 'suggestions' property on it to test suggestions.`,
						);
					} else if (typeof error === "object" && error !== null) {
						/*
						 * Error object.
						 * This may have a message, messageId, data, line, and/or column.
						 */

						if (hasOwnProperty(error, "message")) {
							assertMessageMatches(
								message.message,
								error.message,
							);
						} else if (hasOwnProperty(error, "messageId")) {
							assert.ok(
								ruleHasMetaMessages,
								"Error can not use 'messageId' if rule under test doesn't define 'meta.messages'.",
							);
							if (
								!hasOwnProperty(
									rule.meta.messages,
									error.messageId,
								)
							) {
								assert(
									false,
									`Invalid messageId '${error.messageId}'. Expected one of ${friendlyIDList}.`,
								);
							}
							assert.strictEqual(
								message.messageId,
								error.messageId,
								`messageId '${message.messageId}' does not match expected messageId '${error.messageId}'.`,
							);

							const unsubstitutedPlaceholders =
								getUnsubstitutedMessagePlaceholders(
									message.message,
									rule.meta.messages[message.messageId],
									error.data,
								);

							assert.ok(
								unsubstitutedPlaceholders.length === 0,
								`The reported message has ${unsubstitutedPlaceholders.length > 1 ? `unsubstituted placeholders: ${unsubstitutedPlaceholders.map(name => `'${name}'`).join(", ")}` : `an unsubstituted placeholder '${unsubstitutedPlaceholders[0]}'`}. Please provide the missing ${unsubstitutedPlaceholders.length > 1 ? "values" : "value"} via the 'data' property in the context.report() call.`,
							);

							if (hasOwnProperty(error, "data")) {
								/*
								 *  if data was provided, then directly compare the returned message to a synthetic
								 *  interpolated message using the same message ID and data provided in the test.
								 *  See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/9890 for context.
								 */
								const unformattedOriginalMessage =
									rule.meta.messages[error.messageId];
								const rehydratedMessage = interpolate(
									unformattedOriginalMessage,
									error.data,
								);

								assert.strictEqual(
									message.message,
									rehydratedMessage,
									`Hydrated message "${rehydratedMessage}" does not match "${message.message}"`,
								);
							}
						}

						const locationProperties = [
							"line",
							"column",
							"endLine",
							"endColumn",
						];
						const actualLocation = {};
						const expectedLocation = {};

						for (const key of locationProperties) {
							if (hasOwnProperty(error, key)) {
								actualLocation[key] = message[key];
								expectedLocation[key] = error[key];
							}
						}

						if (requireLocation) {
							const missingKeys = locationProperties.filter(
								key =>
									!hasOwnProperty(error, key) &&
									hasOwnProperty(message, key),
							);
							assert.ok(
								missingKeys.length === 0,
								`Error is missing expected location properties: ${missingKeys.join(", ")}`,
							);
						}

						if (Object.keys(expectedLocation).length > 0) {
							assert.deepStrictEqual(
								actualLocation,
								expectedLocation,
								"Actual error location does not match expected error location.",
							);
						}

						assert.ok(
							!message.suggestions ||
								hasOwnProperty(error, "suggestions"),
							`Error at index ${i} has suggestions. Please specify 'suggestions' property on the test error object.`,
						);
						if (hasOwnProperty(error, "suggestions")) {
							// Support asserting there are no suggestions
							const expectsSuggestions = Array.isArray(
								error.suggestions,
							)
								? error.suggestions.length > 0
								: Boolean(error.suggestions);
							const hasSuggestions =
								message.suggestions !== void 0;

							if (!hasSuggestions && expectsSuggestions) {
								assert.ok(
									!error.suggestions,
									`Error should have suggestions on error with message: "${message.message}"`,
								);
							} else if (hasSuggestions) {
								assert.ok(
									expectsSuggestions,
									`Error should have no suggestions on error with message: "${message.message}"`,
								);
								if (typeof error.suggestions === "number") {
									assert.strictEqual(
										message.suggestions.length,
										error.suggestions,
										`Error should have ${error.suggestions} suggestions. Instead found ${message.suggestions.length} suggestions`,
									);
								} else if (Array.isArray(error.suggestions)) {
									assert.strictEqual(
										message.suggestions.length,
										error.suggestions.length,
										`Error should have ${error.suggestions.length} suggestions. Instead found ${message.suggestions.length} suggestions`,
									);

									error.suggestions.forEach(
										(expectedSuggestion, index) => {
											assert.ok(
												typeof expectedSuggestion ===
													"object" &&
													expectedSuggestion !== null,
												"Test suggestion in 'suggestions' array must be an object.",
											);
											Object.keys(
												expectedSuggestion,
											).forEach(propertyName => {
												assert.ok(
													suggestionObjectParameters.has(
														propertyName,
													),
													`Invalid suggestion property name '${propertyName}'. Expected one of ${friendlySuggestionObjectParameterList}.`,
												);
											});

											const actualSuggestion =
												message.suggestions[index];
											const suggestionPrefix = `Error Suggestion at index ${index}:`;

											if (
												hasOwnProperty(
													expectedSuggestion,
													"desc",
												)
											) {
												assert.ok(
													!hasOwnProperty(
														expectedSuggestion,
														"data",
													),
													`${suggestionPrefix} Test should not specify both 'desc' and 'data'.`,
												);
												assert.ok(
													!hasOwnProperty(
														expectedSuggestion,
														"messageId",
													),
													`${suggestionPrefix} Test should not specify both 'desc' and 'messageId'.`,
												);
												assert.strictEqual(
													actualSuggestion.desc,
													expectedSuggestion.desc,
													`${suggestionPrefix} desc should be "${expectedSuggestion.desc}" but got "${actualSuggestion.desc}" instead.`,
												);
											} else if (
												hasOwnProperty(
													expectedSuggestion,
													"messageId",
												)
											) {
												assert.ok(
													ruleHasMetaMessages,
													`${suggestionPrefix} Test can not use 'messageId' if rule under test doesn't define 'meta.messages'.`,
												);
												assert.ok(
													hasOwnProperty(
														rule.meta.messages,
														expectedSuggestion.messageId,
													),
													`${suggestionPrefix} Test has invalid messageId '${expectedSuggestion.messageId}', the rule under test allows only one of ${friendlyIDList}.`,
												);
												assert.strictEqual(
													actualSuggestion.messageId,
													expectedSuggestion.messageId,
													`${suggestionPrefix} messageId should be '${expectedSuggestion.messageId}' but got '${actualSuggestion.messageId}' instead.`,
												);

												const unsubstitutedPlaceholders =
													getUnsubstitutedMessagePlaceholders(
														actualSuggestion.desc,
														rule.meta.messages[
															expectedSuggestion
																.messageId
														],
														expectedSuggestion.data,
													);

												assert.ok(
													unsubstitutedPlaceholders.length ===
														0,
													`The message of the suggestion has ${unsubstitutedPlaceholders.length > 1 ? `unsubstituted placeholders: ${unsubstitutedPlaceholders.map(name => `'${name}'`).join(", ")}` : `an unsubstituted placeholder '${unsubstitutedPlaceholders[0]}'`}. Please provide the missing ${unsubstitutedPlaceholders.length > 1 ? "values" : "value"} via the 'data' property for the suggestion in the context.report() call.`,
												);

												if (
													hasOwnProperty(
														expectedSuggestion,
														"data",
													)
												) {
													const unformattedMetaMessage =
														rule.meta.messages[
															expectedSuggestion
																.messageId
														];
													const rehydratedDesc =
														interpolate(
															unformattedMetaMessage,
															expectedSuggestion.data,
														);

													assert.strictEqual(
														actualSuggestion.desc,
														rehydratedDesc,
														`${suggestionPrefix} Hydrated test desc "${rehydratedDesc}" does not match received desc "${actualSuggestion.desc}".`,
													);
												}
											} else if (
												hasOwnProperty(
													expectedSuggestion,
													"data",
												)
											) {
												assert.fail(
													`${suggestionPrefix} Test must specify 'messageId' if 'data' is used.`,
												);
											} else {
												assert.fail(
													`${suggestionPrefix} Test must specify either 'messageId' or 'desc'.`,
												);
											}

											assert.ok(
												hasOwnProperty(
													expectedSuggestion,
													"output",
												),
												`${suggestionPrefix} The "output" property is required.`,
											);
											const codeWithAppliedSuggestion =
												SourceCodeFixer.applyFixes(
													item.code,
													[actualSuggestion],
												).output;

											// Verify if suggestion fix makes a syntax error or not.
											const errorMessageInSuggestion =
												linter
													.verify(
														codeWithAppliedSuggestion,
														result.configs,
														result.filename,
													)
													.find(m => m.fatal);

											assert(
												!errorMessageInSuggestion,
												[
													"A fatal parsing error occurred in suggestion fix.",
													`Error: ${errorMessageInSuggestion && errorMessageInSuggestion.message}`,
													"Suggestion output:",
													codeWithAppliedSuggestion,
												].join("\n"),
											);

											assert.strictEqual(
												codeWithAppliedSuggestion,
												expectedSuggestion.output,
												`Expected the applied suggestion fix to match the test suggestion output for suggestion at index: ${index} on error with message: "${message.message}"`,
											);
											assert.notStrictEqual(
												expectedSuggestion.output,
												item.code,
												`The output of a suggestion should differ from the original source code for suggestion at index: ${index} on error with message: "${message.message}"`,
											);
										},
									);
								} else {
									assert.fail(
										"Test error object property 'suggestions' should be an array or a number",
									);
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

			if (hasOwnProperty(item, "output")) {
				if (item.output === null) {
					assert.strictEqual(
						result.output,
						item.code,
						"Expected no autofixes to be suggested",
					);
				} else {
					assert.strictEqual(
						result.output,
						item.output,
						"Output is incorrect.",
					);
					assert.notStrictEqual(
						item.code,
						item.output,
						"Test property 'output' matches 'code'. If no autofix is expected, then omit the 'output' property or set it to null.",
					);
				}
			} else {
				assert.strictEqual(
					result.output,
					item.code,
					"The rule fixed the code. Please add 'output' property.",
				);
			}

			assertASTDidntChange(result.beforeAST, result.afterAST);
		}

		/*
		 * This creates a mocha test suite and pipes all supplied info through
		 * one of the templates above.
		 * The test suites for valid/invalid are created conditionally as
		 * test runners (eg. vitest) fail for empty test suites.
		 */
		this.constructor.describe(ruleName, () => {
			if (test.valid.length > 0) {
				this.constructor.describe("valid", () => {
					const seenTestCases = new Set();
					test.valid.forEach(valid => {
						const item = normalizeTestCase(valid);
						this.constructor[valid.only ? "itOnly" : "it"](
							sanitize(item.name || item.code),
							() => {
								try {
									runHook(item, "before");
									assertValidTestCase(item, seenTestCases);
									testValidTemplate(item);
								} finally {
									runHook(item, "after");
								}
							},
						);
					});
				});
			}

			if (test.invalid.length > 0) {
				this.constructor.describe("invalid", () => {
					const seenTestCases = new Set();
					test.invalid.forEach(invalid => {
						const item = normalizeTestCase(invalid);
						this.constructor[item.only ? "itOnly" : "it"](
							sanitize(item.name || item.code),
							() => {
								try {
									runHook(item, "before");
									assertInvalidTestCase(
										item,
										seenTestCases,
										ruleName,
										test.assertionOptions,
									);
									testInvalidTemplate(item);
								} finally {
									runHook(item, "after");
								}
							},
						);
					});
				});
			}
		});
	}
}

RuleTester[DESCRIBE] = RuleTester[IT] = RuleTester[IT_ONLY] = null;

module.exports = RuleTester;
